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Monday, February 20, 2023

on video Wankel Engine: (Rotary Wankel Engine) – Working, Applications, Diagram, Material & Problems


 What Is Wankel Engine?

Wankel Engine: Working Principle and Applications: – Wankel engine is referred to as that type of internal combustion engine which works only by using an eccentric rotary design in order to convert the pressure into the rotating motion. While comparing it with the reciprocating piston engine, the Wankel engine is found having more uniform torque and less vibration as compared with the other. Also it is found to be more compact and weighs less.


The rotor is responsible for creating the turning motion which is quite similar in shape to a Reuleaux triangle. Wankel engines are the ones which deliver three power pulses per revolution of the rotor by completing the Otto cycle. Whereas, the output shaft uses toothed gears which helps to turn it almost three times fast and gives it one power pulse per revolution. One revolution comprises of a rotor which experiences power pulses and exhausts gas simultaneously, where the four stages of the Otto cycle occur at different time intervals.


For instance, considering a two-stroke piston engine there is only one power pulse for each crankshaft revolution whereas in a four-stroke piston engine, there is one power pulse for every two revolutions. The numerous levels of the Otto cycle involves intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust which occurs at each revolution of the rotor at each of the three rotor faces going inside the oval-like epitrochoid housing in order to enable the three power pulses per rotor revolution.


The principle of displacement is applied to only one face of the rotor as only one face is working for the output of each shaft revolution. The engine is known as a rotary engine, because the name is given to the completely different designs, which include the rotary engines with pistons and without pistons.

Design of A Wankel Engine

The Wankel engine is designed in a quite compact way which weighs less as compared to any other engine that employ reciprocating pistons. It gives various applications in vehicles and devices, automobiles, motorcycles, racing cars, aircraft, go-karts, jet skis, snowmobiles, chainsaws, and auxiliary power units. Numerous engines are found having the power-to-weight ratio around one horsepower per pound. Mostly all the engines are designed which comprise of a spark ignition, with compression ignition engines which has been built only in the research projects.


Usually in the Wankel engine, the four strokes of an Otto cycle occur in the space within each face of a three-sided symmetric rotor and also inside a house. The bow shaped triangular rotor is covered by an oval shaped epitrochoid which faces similarity in appearance to a Reuleaux triangle.

The theoretical shape of the rotor amongst the fixed apexes results in minimization the volume of the geometric combustion chamber and maximizes the compression ratio respectively. The symmetric curve is used for connecting two arbitrary of the rotor which is maximized in the direction of the inner housing shape with the constraint that it does not touch the housing at any angle of the rotation.

The drive shaft at the center is referred to as an eccentric or E-shaft which passes through the center of the rotor and is found being supported by the fixed bearings. These rotors ride on the eccentrics which provide the integral of the eccentric shaft. Both the rotors rotate around the eccentrics in order to make an orbital revolution around the eccentric shaft. There are seals at the parts of the rotor which seals it against the periphery of the housing and divides it into three moving combustion chambers.


Working of A Rotor

The rotation of each rotor on its own axis is caused as well as controlled by a pair of gears. The gears are found to be mounted on one side of the rotor which engages a ring gear attached to the rotor and ensures the rotor to move one-third turn for each of the eccentric shaft. The power output of the engine is not transmitted by the synchronizing gears.

The movement of the rotor is in its rotational motion which is guided by the gears and the eccentrically shaft, not being guided by the external chamber. The rotor should not be rubbed against external engine housing. The force of gas pressure on the rotor puts pressure at the center of the eccentric part of the output shaft.


The most accurate way to visualize the action of the engine in the animation is to not at all look at the rotor, where the cavity created between it and the housing. The Wankel engine is also referred to as a variable-volume progressing-cavity system where the three cavities per housing repeat the same cycle consistently. There are two points on the rotor, point A and B and E-shaft which turns at different speeds whereas point B turns three times as compared to point A.

This is designed in order to get one full orbit of the rotor equated to three turns of the E-shaft.  As the rotor 

undergoes orbital revolving, each side of the rotor moves closer to it and then away from the wall of the housing, which compresses and expands the combustion chamber for instance, the strokes of a piston in a reciprocating piston engine. The power vector of the any combustion stage undergoes the center of the offset lobe.


Why One Should Prefer A Four Stroke Engine?

A four-stroke piston engine is the one which completes only one combustion stroke per cylinder for every two rotations of the crankshaft which is referred to as half power stroke per crankshaft rotation per cylinder in the Wankel engine which generates one combustion stroke per driveshaft rotation which means one power stroke per rotor orbital revolution and three power strokes per rotor rotation.

Therefore, the output which is achieved in terms of power from a Wankel engine is usually found higher than that of a four-stroke piston engine which gets displaced in a similar state with more than four-stroke piston engine with similar physical dimensions and weight.


These are usually the engines which reach a quite higher engine revolutions as compared to reciprocating engines of a similar power output. This is done to partly smoothing the inherence in a circular motion, and the fact that the rpm of the engine is from the output shaft, which is three times faster than the speed of the oscillating parts. The eccentric shaft does not have any stress-related contours of the crankshafts. The maximum number of revolution of a rotary engine is limited to an extent by the tooth load on the gears.


Steel gears which are used for extended operation above 7000 or 8000 rpm are mostly quite hard. The applications of a Wankel engine is mostly in an auto racing cars which is operated above 10,000 rpm. Specifically in the case of aircrafts, it is conservatively up till 6500 or 7500 rpm, but as soon as the gas pressure participates in the sealing efficiency, the Wankel engine at high revolutions under goes no-load conditions which can destroy the engine.

How Do National Agencies Consider Wankel Engines?

All the National agencies which tax the automobiles according to the displacement and regulatory bodies considers the Wankel engine equivalent to a four-stroke piston engine of up to twice the displacement of one chamber per rotor, although there are three lobes per rotor as it completes only one-third rotation per one rotation of the output shaft therefore, only one power stroke occurs per working per output revolution and the other two lobes eject a spent charge by taking in a new one, instead of contributing to the power output of that revolution.


There are racing series which were banned by Wankel engine accompanied by all its other alternatives to the traditional reciprocating-piston of a four-stroke design.


Recent Developments In The Engine

The Increased displacement and power of the rotary engine has added more rotors to its basic design but a limit still exists in the number of rotors, as the power output is channeled through the last rotor shaft with all the stresses present at the whole engine present at that particular point. The engines had rotors accompanied by two bi-rotor sets and a serrate coupling amongst the two rotor sets have been tested successfully.


 What Is Wankel Engine?

Wankel Engine: Working Principle and Applications: – Wankel engine is referred to as that type of internal combustion engine which works only by using an eccentric rotary design in order to convert the pressure into the rotating motion. While comparing it with the reciprocating piston engine, the Wankel engine is found having more uniform torque and less vibration as compared with the other. Also it is found to be more compact and weighs less.


The rotor is responsible for creating the turning motion which is quite similar in shape to a Reuleaux triangle. Wankel engines are the ones which deliver three power pulses per revolution of the rotor by completing the Otto cycle. Whereas, the output shaft uses toothed gears which helps to turn it almost three times fast and gives it one power pulse per revolution. One revolution comprises of a rotor which experiences power pulses and exhausts gas simultaneously, where the four stages of the Otto cycle occur at different time intervals.


For instance, considering a two-stroke piston engine there is only one power pulse for each crankshaft revolution whereas in a four-stroke piston engine, there is one power pulse for every two revolutions. The numerous levels of the Otto cycle involves intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust which occurs at each revolution of the rotor at each of the three rotor faces going inside the oval-like epitrochoid housing in order to enable the three power pulses per rotor revolution.


The principle of displacement is applied to only one face of the rotor as only one face is working for the output of each shaft revolution. The engine is known as a rotary engine, because the name is given to the completely different designs, which include the rotary engines with pistons and without pistons.

Design of A Wankel Engine

The Wankel engine is designed in a quite compact way which weighs less as compared to any other engine that employ reciprocating pistons. It gives various applications in vehicles and devices, automobiles, motorcycles, racing cars, aircraft, go-karts, jet skis, snowmobiles, chainsaws, and auxiliary power units. Numerous engines are found having the power-to-weight ratio around one horsepower per pound. Mostly all the engines are designed which comprise of a spark ignition, with compression ignition engines which has been built only in the research projects.


Usually in the Wankel engine, the four strokes of an Otto cycle occur in the space within each face of a three-sided symmetric rotor and also inside a house. The bow shaped triangular rotor is covered by an oval shaped epitrochoid which faces similarity in appearance to a Reuleaux triangle.

The theoretical shape of the rotor amongst the fixed apexes results in minimization the volume of the geometric combustion chamber and maximizes the compression ratio respectively. The symmetric curve is used for connecting two arbitrary of the rotor which is maximized in the direction of the inner housing shape with the constraint that it does not touch the housing at any angle of the rotation.

The drive shaft at the center is referred to as an eccentric or E-shaft which passes through the center of the rotor and is found being supported by the fixed bearings. These rotors ride on the eccentrics which provide the integral of the eccentric shaft. Both the rotors rotate around the eccentrics in order to make an orbital revolution around the eccentric shaft. There are seals at the parts of the rotor which seals it against the periphery of the housing and divides it into three moving combustion chambers.


Working of A Rotor

The rotation of each rotor on its own axis is caused as well as controlled by a pair of gears. The gears are found to be mounted on one side of the rotor which engages a ring gear attached to the rotor and ensures the rotor to move one-third turn for each of the eccentric shaft. The power output of the engine is not transmitted by the synchronizing gears.

The movement of the rotor is in its rotational motion which is guided by the gears and the eccentrically shaft, not being guided by the external chamber. The rotor should not be rubbed against external engine housing. The force of gas pressure on the rotor puts pressure at the center of the eccentric part of the output shaft.


The most accurate way to visualize the action of the engine in the animation is to not at all look at the rotor, where the cavity created between it and the housing. The Wankel engine is also referred to as a variable-volume progressing-cavity system where the three cavities per housing repeat the same cycle consistently. There are two points on the rotor, point A and B and E-shaft which turns at different speeds whereas point B turns three times as compared to point A.

This is designed in order to get one full orbit of the rotor equated to three turns of the E-shaft.  As the rotor 

undergoes orbital revolving, each side of the rotor moves closer to it and then away from the wall of the housing, which compresses and expands the combustion chamber for instance, the strokes of a piston in a reciprocating piston engine. The power vector of the any combustion stage undergoes the center of the offset lobe.


Why One Should Prefer A Four Stroke Engine?

A four-stroke piston engine is the one which completes only one combustion stroke per cylinder for every two rotations of the crankshaft which is referred to as half power stroke per crankshaft rotation per cylinder in the Wankel engine which generates one combustion stroke per driveshaft rotation which means one power stroke per rotor orbital revolution and three power strokes per rotor rotation.

Therefore, the output which is achieved in terms of power from a Wankel engine is usually found higher than that of a four-stroke piston engine which gets displaced in a similar state with more than four-stroke piston engine with similar physical dimensions and weight.


These are usually the engines which reach a quite higher engine revolutions as compared to reciprocating engines of a similar power output. This is done to partly smoothing the inherence in a circular motion, and the fact that the rpm of the engine is from the output shaft, which is three times faster than the speed of the oscillating parts. The eccentric shaft does not have any stress-related contours of the crankshafts. The maximum number of revolution of a rotary engine is limited to an extent by the tooth load on the gears.


Steel gears which are used for extended operation above 7000 or 8000 rpm are mostly quite hard. The applications of a Wankel engine is mostly in an auto racing cars which is operated above 10,000 rpm. Specifically in the case of aircrafts, it is conservatively up till 6500 or 7500 rpm, but as soon as the gas pressure participates in the sealing efficiency, the Wankel engine at high revolutions under goes no-load conditions which can destroy the engine.

How Do National Agencies Consider Wankel Engines?

All the National agencies which tax the automobiles according to the displacement and regulatory bodies considers the Wankel engine equivalent to a four-stroke piston engine of up to twice the displacement of one chamber per rotor, although there are three lobes per rotor as it completes only one-third rotation per one rotation of the output shaft therefore, only one power stroke occurs per working per output revolution and the other two lobes eject a spent charge by taking in a new one, instead of contributing to the power output of that revolution.


There are racing series which were banned by Wankel engine accompanied by all its other alternatives to the traditional reciprocating-piston of a four-stroke design.


Recent Developments In The Engine

The Increased displacement and power of the rotary engine has added more rotors to its basic design but a limit still exists in the number of rotors, as the power output is channeled through the last rotor shaft with all the stresses present at the whole engine present at that particular point. The engines had rotors accompanied by two bi-rotor sets and a serrate coupling amongst the two rotor sets have been tested successfully.

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